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to prepare

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1 paro

1.
păro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. Sanscr. par, piparmi, to lead, to further; Gr. poros; Lat. porta, peritus; also -per in pauper], to make or get ready, to prepare, furnish, provide; to order, contrive, design, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: apparo, comparo, acquiro); with personal, non-personal, and abstract objects; constr. usually with acc. or inf., rarely with ut, ne, or absol.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.
(α).
With acc.:
omne paratum est, Ut jussisti... prandium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 14; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:
turres, falces, testudinesque,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42 fin.:
incendia,
Sall. C. 27, [p. 1305] 2:
ad integrum bellum cuncta parat,
id. J. 73, 1; Ter. And. 4, 4, 2:
quod parato opus est, para,
id. ib. 3, 2, 43:
quam hic fugam aut furtum parat?
id. Phorm. 1, 4, 14; so with acc. of the act purposed:
fugam,
i. e. to prepare one's self for flight, Verg. A. 1, 360; Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:
filio luctum,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 13:
cupiditates in animo,
id. Phorm. 5, 4, 2:
bellum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
insidias alicui,
Sall. C. 43, 2:
defensionem,
id. ib. 35, 2:
leges,
to introduce, id. ib. 51, 40:
verba a vetustate repetita gratiam novitati similem parant,
furnish, Quint. 1, 6, 39.—More rarely with reflex. pron. and final clause, or ad and acc., or (mostly post-Aug.) with dat.:
hisce ego non paro me, ut rideant,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 18; cf.:
quin ita paret se, ut, etc.,
id. Hec. 1, 1, 11:
se ad discendum,
Cic. Or. 35, 122:
ad iter parare,
Liv. 42, 53, 2; cf.:
huc te pares, haec cogites,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 9:
alterutri se fortunae parans,
Vell. 2, 43, 2:
se ad similem casum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 41; Prop. 2, 24, 48 (3, 19, 32):
multitudo, quam ad capiunda arma paraverat,
Sall. C. 27, 4:
parantibus utrisque se ad proelium,
Liv. 9, 14, 1; 21, 31, 1:
ad proelium vos parate,
Curt. 4, 13, 10: foro se parant, Sen. Contr. praef. § 4.— Pass.:
si ita naturā paratum esset, ut, etc.,
so ordered, ordained, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:
ut simul in omnia paremur,
may habituate ourselves, Quint. 11, 3, 25.—
(β).
With inf., to prepare, intend, resolve, purpose, delermine, be on the point of, be about to do any thing: signa sonitum dare voce parabant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 Vahl.):
maledictis deterrere (poëtam), ne scribat, parat,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 3:
munitiones institutas parat perficere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 83:
omni Numidiae imperare parat,
Sall. J. 13, 2:
proficisci parabat,
id. C. 46, 3 Kritz:
in nemus ire parant,
Verg. A. 4, 118:
multa parantem Dicere,
id. ib. 4, 390.—
(γ).
With ut or ne (very rare):
aequom fuit deos paravisse, uno exemplo ne omnes vitam viverent,
have so ordered it, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 130; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122 supra:
age jam, uxorem ut arcessat, paret,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 75:
animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,
id. Phorm. 5, 7, 64.—
(δ).
With rel.-clause:
quom accepisti, haud multo post aliquid quod poscas paras,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 16:
priusquam unum dederis, centum quae poscat parat,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 31.— Absol., to make preparations, to prepare one's self (very rare):
at Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare, parare, alius alium hortari, etc.,
Sall. C. 6, 5:
contra haec oppidani festinare, parare,
id. J. 76, 4; 60, 1:
jussis (militibus) ad iter parare,
Liv. 42, 53.—
B.
In partic., of fate, to prepare, destine any thing ( poet.): cui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo, for whom the Fates prepare (death), Verg. A. 2, 121:
quid fata parent,
Luc. 1, 631; 6, 783:
motus fata parabant,
id. 2, 68; cf.:
sed quibus paratum est a Patre meo,
Vulg. Matt. 20, 23. —
II.
Transf., to procure, acquire, get, obtain (freq. and class.).
A.
In gen.:
jam ego parabo Aliquam dolosam fidicinam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 37:
at dabit, parabit,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 49:
ille bonus vir nobis psaltriam Paravit,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 31; id. Eun. 4, 6, 32:
eum mihi precatorem paro,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 49:
cetera parare, quae parantur pecuniā... amicos non parare,
Cic. Lael. 15, 55:
sibi regnum,
Sall. C. 5, 6:
exercitum,
id. ib. 29, 3:
commeatus,
id. J. 28, 7:
locum et sedes,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 6, 22:
quin ei velut opes sint quaedam parandae,
Quint. 10, 1, 15:
de lodice parandā,
Juv. 7, 66.—
B.
In partic., to procure with money, to buy, purchase:
in Piraeum ire volo, parare piscatum mihi,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 64:
trans Tiberim hortos,
Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; id. Fl. 29, 71 fin.:
jumenta,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2:
servi aere parati,
Sall. J. 31, 11:
argento parata mancipia,
Liv. 41, 6 fin. —Hence, părātus, a, um, P. a., prepared.
A.
In gen., ready (class.):
ex paratā re imparatam omnem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 6; so (opp. imparata) id. Cas. 4, 4, 8:
tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 114:
quos locos multā commentatione atque meditatione paratos atque expeditos habere debetis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:
propositum ac paratum auxilium,
Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 6, 22:
omnia ad bellum apta ac parata,
Caes. B. C. 1, 30; Plin. Pan. 88:
obvius et paratus umor,
id. Ep. 2, 17, 25: parata victoria, an easy victory, Liv. 5, 6.—
(β).
With inf.:
id quod parati sunt facere,
Cic. Quint. 2, 8:
audire,
id. Inv. 1, 16, 23:
paratos esse et obsides dare et imperata facere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3:
omnia perpeti parati,
id. ib. 3, 9:
se paratum esse decertare,
id. ib. 1, 44.—
(γ).
With dat. (not in Cic. or Cæs.):
vel bello vel paci paratus,
Liv. 1, 1, 8:
nec praedae magis quam pugnae paratos esse,
id. 7, 16, 4:
imperio,
id. 9, 36, 8:
ferri acies... parata neci,
Verg. A. 2, 334:
veniae,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 117:
animus sceleribus,
Tac. A. 12, 47:
provincia peccantibus,
id. Agr. 6:
athleta certamini paratior,
Quint. 8, 3, 10:
castris ponendis,
Liv. 33, 6:
omnibus audendis paratissimus,
Vell. 2, 56, 4.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Prepared, provided, furnished, fitted, equipped with any thing:
intellegit me ita paratum atque instructum ad judicium venire, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7; cf.:
ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,
id. Or. 5, 20:
scutis telisque parati ornatique,
id. Caecin. 21, 60; id. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; id. Fam. 2, 4, 2:
quo paratior ad usum forensem promptiorque esse possim,
id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 41:
paratus ad navigandum,
id. Att. 9, 6, 2:
ad omnem eventum paratus sum,
id. Fam. 6, 21, 1; cf.:
in omnīs causas paratus,
Quint. 10, 5, 12; Sen. Contr. 3, 18, 3; Suet. Galb. 19:
ad mentiendum paratus,
Cic. Lael. 26, 98:
animo simus ad dimicandum parati,
Caes. B. C. 3, 85 fin.:
paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda,
id. B. G. 1, 5:
ad dicendum parati,
Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38.—
(β).
With ab: ab omni re sumus paratiores, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 6: si paratior ab exercitu esses, Cael. ib. 8, 10.—
(γ).
With in and abl., well versed, skilled, experienced in any thing:
Q. Scaevola in jure paratissimus,
Cic. Brut. 39, 145:
prompta et parata in agendo celeritas,
id. ib. 42, 154:
in rebus maritimis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55.—
(δ).
With contra:
te contra fortunam paratum armatumque cognovi,
Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 1.—
2.
Of mental preparation, prepared, ready, in a good or bad sense:
ut ad partes paratus veniat,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1:
fabulam compositam Volsci belli, Hernicos ad partes paratos,
Liv. 3, 10, 10:
ad quam (causarum operam) ego numquam, nisi paratus et meditatus accedo,
Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 12:
homo ad omne facinus paratissimus,
id. Mil. 9, 25; id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17; 2, 2, 15, § 37; id. Quint. 11, 39:
itane huc paratus advenis?
Ter. And. 5, 4, 6; cf.:
philosophi habent paratum quid de quāque re dicant,
Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152.—Hence, adv.: părātē.
1.
Preparedly, with preparation:
ad dicendum parate venire,
Cic. Brut. 68, 241:
paratius atque accuratius dicere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150.—
2.
Transf.
a.
Carefully, vigilantly:
id parate curavi ut caverem,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 9.—
b.
Readily, promptly:
paratius venire,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72:
paratissime respondere,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16.
2.
păro, āre, v. a. [par], to make equal, esteem equal. *
I.
In gen.:
eodem hercle vos pono et paro: parissumi estis iibus,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20.—
II.
In partic., to bring to an agreement, arrange with any one:
se paraturum cum collegā,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25; cf. Fest. p. 234 Müll.
3.
păro, ōnis, m., = parôn, a small, light ship, Cic. poët. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1, 20 (ed. Orell. IV. 2, p. 572); Gell. 10, 25, 5; cf.:
parones navium genus, ad cujus similitudinem myoparo vocatur,
Fest. p. 222 Müll.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > paro
2 parō

parō āvī, ātus, āre [2 PAR-], to make ready, prepare, furnish, provide, arrange, order, contrive, design: contra haec, make preparations, S.: ad iter, make ready, L.: cui fata parent, for whom the Fates are making ready, V.: omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium: turres, falces, testudinesque, Cs.: ad integrum bellum cuncta, S.: quae opus fuere ad nuptias, T.: galeam et aegida, assume, H.: fugam, i. e. prepare for flight, V.: filio luctum, T.: quibus insidiae parabantur, S.: leges, introduce, S.: rictu in verba parato, ready to speak, O.—With reflex. pron., to prepare oneself, get ready: se, ut, etc., T.: se ad discendum: huc te pares: se in similem casum, Cs.: se ad proelium, L.— To prepare, intend, resolve, purpose, determine, meditate, be on the point of, be about: Quid Seres parent, H.: maledictis deterrere (poëtam), ne scribat, parat, T.: Labienum adoriri, Cs.: quid pares respondere scire cupio: in nemus ire parant, V.: uxorem ut arcessat, T.: si ita naturā paratum esset, ut, etc., so ordered.—To procure, acquire, get, obtain: nobis psaltriam, T.: commeatūs, S.: locum et sedes, Cs.— To procure with money, buy, purchase: trans Tiberim hortos: iumenta, Cs.: servi aere parati, S.
* * *

parare, paravi, paratus V TRANS

prepare; furnish/supply/provide; produce; obtain/get; buy; raise; put up; plan

Latin-English dictionary > parō
3 commentor

commentor ātus, ārī, intens. [comminiscor], to meditate, think over, study, deliberate, weigh, prepare (mentally): commentandi causā convenire, deliberation: aliquid: causam: futuras mecum miserias: de populi R. libertate. — Esp., of preparation for a speech: paratus, cum complurīs dies commentatus esset. — Of writings, to prepare, produce, compose, write: mimos. — To declaim, exercise in speaking, practise oratory: commentabar declamitans cum M. Pisone: cottidie: pro meo iure in vestris auribus. — To meditate, purpose: quod te commentatum esse declarant.
* * *
I
commentari, commentatus sum V DEP

think about; study beforehand, practice, prepare; discuss, argue over; imagine
II
commentoris N M

inventor, deviser; machinist (L+S)

Latin-English dictionary > commentor
4 cōnficiō

cōnficiō fēcī, fectus, ere [com- + facio], to make ready, make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, consummate, fulfil: soccos suā manu: vestem: tabulae litteris Graecis confectae, written, Cs.: libri Graeco sermone confecti, composed, N.: librum Graece, N.: tabulas, to keep accounts: nuptias, T.: bello confecto, ended, S.: duella, H.: facinus: caedem, N.: mandata brevi, S.: spes conficiendi negotii, Cs.: quibus rebus confectis, S.—To settle, close, finish: cum Apellā de columnis: de negotio.—To pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make: magno itinere confecto, Cs.: iter anno, N.: ubi confecti cursūs, V.: inmensum spatiis aequor, V.: tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur, covered.—To diminish, lessen, weaken, sweep away, destroy, kill, subdue, wear out, consume: Atheniensīs, N.: provincias: exercitūs, L.: me (sica) paene confecit, killed: dentes escas conficiunt, grind: cibum, L.: cibos, to digest: fame confici: patrimonium: suam rem. —P. perf., impaired, weakened, overcome, reduced, exhausted: equus senio, Enn. ap. C.: aetate, S.: aevo, V.: malis res p.: volneribus, Cs.: curā, T.: confectus et saucius: (captivos) ignominiis, worn out, L.—To prepare, provide, procure, bring together: tribum necessariis suis, the votes of: armata milia centum, Cs.: pauxillulum nummorum, T.: pecuniam ex illā re: conficiendae pecuniae rationes.—Fig., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect: aliquid gnato mali, T.: motūs animorum: animum mitem, render: causae conficiunt, are efficient.—Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass: sexaginta annos: noctis partem ibi: hieme confectā, Cs.: vitae cursum.—To show, deduce: ex alquā re alqd: ex quo conficitur, ut, etc.: id quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione; see also confio.
* * *

conficere, confeci, confectus V TRANS

make, construct; prepare, complete, accomplish; cause; perform; do thoroughly; compose; amass, collect; raise (troops); traverse; eat up, consume; expend; finish off; kill, dispatch; defeat finally, subdue/reduce/pacify; chop/cut up

Latin-English dictionary > cōnficiō
5 comparo

1.
compăro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [compar], to couple together in the same relation, to connect in pairs, to pair, match, unite, join; constr. aliquid cum aliquā re, alicui rei, aliqua inter se, or absol.
I.
Lit. (rare but class.).
A.
In gen.:
ut inter ignem et terram aquam deus animamque poneret, eaque inter se compararet et proportione conjungeret, ut, etc.,
Cic. Univ. 5 med.:
comparari postremo,
id. ib. 5:
ambo cum simul aspicimus, non possumus non vereri, ne male comparati sitis,
Liv. 40, 46, 4:
L. Volumnius cum Ap. Claudio consul est factus, priore item consulatu inter se conparati,
id. 10, 15, 12:
labella cum labellis,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 78: quin meum senium cum dolore tuo conjungam et comparem, Att. ap. Non. p. 255, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 90 Rib.).— Hence,
B.
Esp. of combatants, for the usu. compono, to bring together to a contest, to match:
ut ego cum patrono disertissimo comparer,
Cic. Quint. 1, 2:
cum Aesernino Samnite Pacideianus comparatus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 257, 18:
Scipio et Hannibal, velut ad supremum certamen comparati duces,
Liv. 30, 28, 8:
hunc Threci comparavit,
Suet. Calig. 35.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To couple together in judgment.
1.
To count one object fully equal to another, to place on the same footing, put on an equality with (rare but class.): neminem tibi profecto hominem ex omnibus aut anteposuissem umquam aut etiam comparassem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 256, 4; cf. Nep. Iphic. 1, 1; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Quint. 10, 1, 98; Cat. 61, 65 al.:
cum quibus (hominibus) comparari sordidum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9; so id. Fam. 12, 30, 7:
et se mihi comparat Ajax?
Ov. M. 13, 338.—
2.
In gen., to place together in comparison, to compare (the usu. signif. of the word in prose and poetry):
homo quod rationis est particeps similitudines comparat,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:
majora, minora, paria,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 172; id. Top. 18, 68:
metaphora rei comparatur, quam volumus exprimere,
Quint. 8, 6, 8.—With dat.:
equi fortis et victoris senectuti, comparat suam,
Cic. Sen. 5, 14:
si regiae stirpi comparetur ignobilis,
Curt. 8, 4, 25:
restat ut copiae copiis conparentur vel numero vel, etc.,
Liv. 9, 19, 1:
se majori pauperiorum turbae,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 112:
Periclem fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparat,
Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf. id. 12, 10, 65:
necesse est sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat,
id. 1, 2, 18:
nec tantum inutilibus comparantur utilia, sed inter se quoque ipsa,
id. 3, 8, 33; cf id. 3, 6, 87.—With cum and abl.:
hominem cum homine et tempus cum tempore et rem cum re,
Cic. Dom. 51, 130; id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:
cum illo... ceteris rebus nullo modo comparandus es,
id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:
cum meum factum cum tuo comparo,
id. Fam. 3, 6, 1; id. Off. 3, 1, 2; 2, 6, 20:
corporis commoda cum externis et ipsa inter se corporis,
id. ib. 2, 25, 88:
longiorem orationem cum magnitudine utilitatis,
id. ib. 2, 6, 20:
victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit comparari tropaeo,
Nep. Them. 5, 3:
totam causam nostram cum tota adversarii causā,
Quint. 7, 2, 22; 12, 7, 3.—With ad:
nec comparandus hic quidem ad illum est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14:
sed nihil comparandi causā loquar,
I will institute no comparison, Cic. Pis. 1, 3.— Hence,
3.
With rel.-clause, to reflect, consider, judge; or to prove, show, by comparing (rare): id ego semper mecum sic agito et comparo, quo pacto magnam molem minuam, Att. ap. Non. p. 256, 20:
cum comparetur, utrum, etc.,
Auct. Her. 2, 28, 45:
comparando quam intestina corporis seditio similis esset irae plebis in patres, etc.,
Liv. 2, 32, 12; cf. Tac. A. 3, 5:
deinde comparat, quanto plures deleti sint homines, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16.—
B.
Comparare inter se, t. t., of colleagues in office, to agree together in respect to the division of duties, to come to an agreement (freq. in Liv., esp. of the consuls, who made an arrangement between themselves in respect to their provinces):
inter se decemviri comparabant, quos ire ad bellum, quos praeesse exercitibus oporteret,
Liv. 3, 41, 7:
senatusconsultum factum est, ut consules inter se provincias Italiam et Macedoniam compararent sortirenturve,
id. 42, 31, 1; 8, 20, 3; 32, 8, 1; 33, 43, 2; 26, 8, 8;
41, 6, 1: (consules) comparant inter se ut, etc.,
id. 8, 6, 13; 10, 15, 12:
ut consules sortirentur conparerentve inter se, uter, etc.,
id. 24, 10, 2;
of the tribunes of the people,
id. 29, 20, 9;
of the proprætors,
id. 40, 47, 1.—
C.
(In acc. with I. B.) Si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet, opposes to this, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63.—Hence, * compărātē, adv., in or by comparison, comparatively:
quaerere (opp. simpliciter),
Cic. Top. 22, 84.
2.
com-păro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (old form conparassit = comparaverit, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19), v. a.
I.
To prepare something with zeal, care, etc., to make ready, to set in order, furnish, provide, etc. (class.)
A.
Lit.:
magnifice et ornate convivium comparat (al. apparat),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65; Tib. 1, 10, 42:
sibi remedium ad magnitudinem frigorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26: se, to make one ' s self ready, to prepare one ' s self, id. Mil. 10, 28:
se ad respondendum,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 19:
se ad iter,
Liv. 28, 33, 1; cf. pass., id. 42, 43, 4:
se ad omnis casus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 79:
insidias alicui per aliquem,
Cic. Clu. 16, 47; cf.:
dolum ad capiendos eos,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
comparare et constituere accusationem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; cf.:
comparare accusatorem filio suo,
id. Clu. 67, 191:
fugam,
Caes. B. G. 4, 18: domicilium [p. 387] ibi, Liv. 1, 34, 10:
iter ad regem,
Nep. Alcib. 10, 3 et saep.:
vultum e vultu,
to adjust according to, to fashion, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 5.—
In the histt. freq. of preparations for war: bellum,
Nep. Dion, 5, 1; id. Ages. 2, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; Liv. 9, 29, 5; 32, 28, 7; Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1 et saep.:
arma, milites, classem,
Liv. 42, 30, 11; cf. Nep. Milt. 4, 1; id. Dion, 4, 3; id. Dat. 4, 1 and 4; id. Hann. 3, 2; Liv. 28, 13, 1; 35, 26, 1; Suet. Tib. 25; Curt. 4, 9, 3; cf.:
arma latroni,
Quint. 12, 1, 1.— Pass. in mid. force:
ita fiet ut isdem locis et ad suadendum et ad dissuadendum simus conparati,
Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4:
ab hoc colloquio legati Romani in Boeotiam conparati sunt,
made ready to go, Liv. 42, 43, 4.—
(β).
Absol.:
ex hac parte diligentissime comparatur,
Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 3:
tempore ad comparandum dato,
Nep. Thras. 2, 2; so Liv. 35, 45, 5; 38, 12, 7.—
(γ).
With inf.:
urere tecta,
Ov. Tr. 2, 267:
an ita me comparem, Non perpeti, etc.,
place myself in a condition, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 2.—
B.
Trop. of the arrangements of nature, of civil life, of manners, customs, etc., to arrange, appoint, ordain, establish; esp. in the pass. impers.:
ita quoique est in aetate hominum conparatum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 94 Fleck.; Liv. 3, 68, 10:
more majorum comparatum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; cf.:
ita comparatum more majorum erat, ne, etc.,
Liv. 39, 29, 5:
est ita natura comparatum ut, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 5:
praetores, ut considerate fieret, comparaverunt,
Cic. Quint. 16, 51; so Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 7:
jam hoc prope iniquissime comparatum est, quod in morbis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 21, 57:
eis utendum censeo quae legibus conparata sunt,
Sall. C. 51, 8.—So rarely of persons:
sic fuimus semper comparati, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32.—
II.
To procure what one does not yet possess or what is not yet in existence, to procure, get, purchase, obtain, prepare, make, collect.
A.
Prop.:
negoti sibi qui volet vim parare, Navem et mulierem haec duo conparato,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 2:
mihi quadraginta minas,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 19:
aurum ac vestem atque alia, quae opus sunt,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 15:
pecudes carius,
Suet. Calig. 27:
merces,
Dig. 13, 4, 2 fin.:
ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 4; so id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17:
Sthenius ab adulescentio paulo studiosius haec compararat, supellectilem, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Curt. 5, 6, 3:
gemmas, toreumata, signa, tabulas,
Suet. Caes. 47: victum et cultum humanum labore et industriā, Cic. Oecon. ap. Col. 12, praef. § 2: Suet. Calig. 22.—
2.
Of abstract things:
amicitias,
Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:
auctoritatem sibi,
Caes. B. G. 5, 53:
laudes artibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 4, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 45:
tribunicium auxilium sibi,
Liv. 9, 34, 3 al.; Hor. Epod. 2, 30.—
B.
Trop.: sex (tribunos) ad intercessionem comparavere, brought or gained them over to their side, Liv. 4, 48, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > comparo
6 conficio

confĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. confexim, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 39; in pass., besides the regular form conficior, freq., but not in Cic., in acc. with fīo, fieri:
confit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 7; Lucr. 4, 291; Col. 2, 15, 1; Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 103; 31, 7, 40, § 83; Macr. S. 1, 14, 13; id. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; 1, 2:
confiunt,
Lucr. 4, 738; Arn. 7, 219:
confiat,
Col. 1, 8, 12; Lucr. 4, 929 Lachm.: confiant, Imp. Leo, Cod. 2, 7, 11: confieret, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 3; 9, 7, A, 1; Liv. 5, 50, 7:
confierent,
Suet. Caes. 20; Arn. 2, 73:
confieri,
Lucr. 2, 1069; 5, 889; Caes. B. G. 7, 58; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Verg. A. 4, 116; v. Forbig. ad loc.; Tac. A. 15, 59; cf. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 611), v. a. [facio].
I.
To make a thing completely ready, to make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, etc. (except in Quint., freq. in all periods and species of composition).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
nisi cottidiano sesquiopus confeceris,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 67; cf.
pensum,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 81; id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:
eme lanam, unde pallium conficiatur,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 93; cf.:
anulum, pallium, soccos suā manu,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:
vestem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59; Suet. Aug. 73:
ligna ad fornacem,
to make ready, prepare for, Cato, R. R. 16; cf.:
conficere atque contexere villos ovium,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:
aurum et argentum,
Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 157:
frumenta (with molere),
id. 7, 56, 57, § 191:
tabulas litteris Graecis,
to write, draw up, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; [p. 413] cf.:
libros Graeco sermone,
to compose, write, Nep. Hann. 13, 2;
and librum Graece,
id. Att. 18, 6:
tabulas,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60:
orationes,
Nep. Cato, 3, 3:
illam partem superiorem orationis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 121:
nuptias,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 22; Suet. Claud. 26:
bellum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 54; Sall. C. 51, 5; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3; Liv. 21, 40, 11; so,
duella,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 254 al.; cf.
proelium,
Sall. C. 61, 1:
tantum facinus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76; cf.
caedem,
Nep. Dion, 10, 1:
legitima quaedam,
id. Phoc. 4, 2:
residua diurni actus,
Suet. Aug. 78:
mandata,
Cic. Planc. 11, 28; id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3; Sall. J. 12, 4:
omnibus rebus magnā curā, multā operā et labore confectis,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:
ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:
negotium,
id. B. C. 1, 29; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:
quibus rebus confectis,
Sall. C. 46, 1; Nep. Pelop. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
confecto legationis officio,
id. B. C. 3, 103.—
2.
Esp.
a.
In the lang. of business, to settle, close a bargain, finish, etc.; absol.:
tu cum Apellā Chio confice de columnis,
Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1:
quod si mihi permisisses, confecissem cum coheredibus,
id. Fam. 7, 2, 1:
de Acutiliano negotio quod mihi mandaras... confeceram,
id. Att. 1, 5, 4.—
b.
Of space or distance traversed, to pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make, accomplish:
iter,
Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 12; Nep. Ages. 4, 4 al.; cf.:
tertiam partem itineris,
id. Eum. 8, 6; and poet.:
nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor,
Verg. G. 2, 541:
cursum,
Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1; Verg. A. 5, 362:
cursum vitae,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:
cursus annuos conficit sol,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 87; 2, 20, 52:
longam viam,
id. Sen. 2, 6:
celeritate incredibili longissimas vias,
Suet. Caes. 57.—Rarely of space occupied:
tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur,
Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8 (14).—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect:
sollicitudines mihi,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 26:
geminas nuptias,
id. ib. 4, 1, 50; cf.:
aliquid mali gnato,
id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:
pacem,
id. ib. 5, 2, 45:
motus animorum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324.—With two accs.:
animum auditoris mitem et misericordem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 106:
reditum alicui,
to procure, id. Fam. 9, 13, 4.—Also absol., to be efficient, to accomplish a direct result, be an active cause (philos. t. t.):
aliae causae ipsae conficiunt, aliae vim aliquam ad conficiendum afferunt,
Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93.—
2.
Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass:
cum sexaginta annos confecerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
centum annos,
id. Or. 52, 176:
diem,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:
tum denique judicetur beatusne fuerit, cum extremum vitae diem morte confecerit,
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
annuum tempus,
id. Att. 15, 15, 4:
omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione (just before: ut in amore et voluptatibus adulescentiam suam collocaret),
id. Cael. 17, 39:
annuum munus,
id. Fam. 2, 12, 1:
biennium,
id. Quint. 12, 40:
suas horas (somnus),
Sil. 4, 89:
aequinoctium,
Col. 2, 8, 2; cf.
brumam,
id. 9, 14, 12; Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 232:
commissum ac profligatum bellum,
Liv. 8, 25, 5; Flor. 2, 15, 2.—
3.
In philos. lang., to bring forward as proved, to show, deduce:
conclusio est, quae ex eis quae ante dicta sunt, conficit, quid necessario consequatur,
Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41 fin.; Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 53; hence, conficior, to follow logically (from something), to be deduced; with ex:
cum id perspicuum sit, quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 72; so Quint. 5, 14, 9; 5, 14, 22; 9, 4, 69; and absol., Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 87 al.—
II.
Transf., to diminish, lessen, weaken an object; to sweep away, destroy, kill, wear out, consume.
A.
Prop.:
dentes intimi escas conficiunt,
grind, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 134; so Liv. 2, 32, 10; Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 160; cf.
cibos,
to digest, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 180 al.:
ignes Conficerent vulgo silvas, arbusta cremarent,
Lucr. 1, 905; cf.:
conficere, omnia igni, frigore,
id. 1, 536:
patrimonium suum (corresp. with dissipare),
Cic. Fl. 36, 90:
sapiens si fame ipse conficiatur... vir bonus, ne ipse frigore conficiatur, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 29.—With acc. and inf.:
ipse conficior venisse tempus cum possim, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 18, 3:
nihil est opere et manu factum, quod non conficiat et consumat vetustas,
id. Marcell. 4, 11: quae vetustas est, quae vim divinam conficere possit? id. Div. 2, 57, 117.—In part. perf.: sicut fortis equus... senio confectu' quiescit, impaired, weakened, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14;
and so very freq.: confectus senectute,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:
aetate,
Sall. J. 9, 4; Cat. 68, 119:
aevo,
Verg. A. 11, 85:
senectā, Ov M. 6, 37: cum corporis morbo tum animi dolore,
Cic. Mur. 40, 86; cf. id. Fin. 1, 12, 41; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:
multis gravibusque vulneribus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25; 3, 5; Sall. J. 60, 7:
curā,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 4:
dolore,
Cat. 65, 1.—Without abl.:
ut fessos confectosque aggrediantur,
exhausted, Liv. 1, 23, 9; cf.:
confectus et saucius,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:
artus,
Lucr. 3, 947:
ego te hic hac offatim conficiam,
to cut in pieces, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 52:
Athenienses,
to subdue, Nep. Lys. 1, 1; so,
provinciam,
Cic. Inv. 2, 37, 111; Liv. 26, 21, 2; 28, 28, 7; 40, 28, 8; 41, 12, 3; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; Liv. 27, 5, 3; 40, 35, 4:
duos hostium exercitus,
id. 2, 40, 13:
me (sica illa) paene confecit,
killed, Cic. Mil. 14, 37:
alterum Curiatium,
Liv. 1, 25, 10; cf.
saucium,
id. 42, 16, 1:
Caligulam vulneribus triginta,
Suet. Calig. 58:
maximam vim serpentium (ibes),
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101;
so of the killing of animals,
Suet. Claud. 21; id. Dom. 19; Lampr. Com. 13 al.; cf. confector, II.;
and in mal. part.,
Suet. Ner. 29 (v. the passage in its connection).—
B.
Trop.:
conficere aliquem verbis,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 49:
(captivos) omnibus notis ignominiisque,
Liv. 22, 61, 9:
lectio non cruda sed multa iteratione mollita et velut confecta,
Quint. 10, 1, 19:
sidus confectum,
its influence has ceased, it has set, Plin. 16, 23, 36, § 87; 18, 25, 57, § 207.—
III.
In gen., to prepare, provide, procure, to bring together, = colligo:
virginem, Quam amabat, eam confeci sine molestiā,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.; so,
centurias,
to secure their votes, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18; cf.:
suam tribum necessariis suis,
Cic. Planc. 18, 45:
hortos mihi,
id. Att. 12, 37, 2:
bibliothecam,
id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:
exercitum difficili rei publicae tempore,
id. Imp. Pomp. 21, 61:
exercitus maximos,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; cf.:
armata milia centum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
(serpentum) magnam multitudinem (just before, colligere),
Nep. Hann. 10, 5:
erat ei de ratiunculā apud me pauxillulum nummorum, id ut conficerem: confeci,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 4:
permagnam pecuniam ex illā re,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 138; cf.:
conficiendae pecuniae rationes,
id. Fl. 9, 20.—Hence, confĭcĭ-ens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), effecting, causing, producing, efficient (rare, and only in Cic.):
causae,
Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93: corporis bonorum conficientia (tha tôn agathôn poiêtika), productive of physical good, id. Fin. 5, 27, 81 Madv.:
civitas conficientissima litterarum,
very carefully noting down every thing, id. Fl. 19, 44.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conficio
7 conparo

1.
compăro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [compar], to couple together in the same relation, to connect in pairs, to pair, match, unite, join; constr. aliquid cum aliquā re, alicui rei, aliqua inter se, or absol.
I.
Lit. (rare but class.).
A.
In gen.:
ut inter ignem et terram aquam deus animamque poneret, eaque inter se compararet et proportione conjungeret, ut, etc.,
Cic. Univ. 5 med.:
comparari postremo,
id. ib. 5:
ambo cum simul aspicimus, non possumus non vereri, ne male comparati sitis,
Liv. 40, 46, 4:
L. Volumnius cum Ap. Claudio consul est factus, priore item consulatu inter se conparati,
id. 10, 15, 12:
labella cum labellis,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 78: quin meum senium cum dolore tuo conjungam et comparem, Att. ap. Non. p. 255, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 90 Rib.).— Hence,
B.
Esp. of combatants, for the usu. compono, to bring together to a contest, to match:
ut ego cum patrono disertissimo comparer,
Cic. Quint. 1, 2:
cum Aesernino Samnite Pacideianus comparatus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 257, 18:
Scipio et Hannibal, velut ad supremum certamen comparati duces,
Liv. 30, 28, 8:
hunc Threci comparavit,
Suet. Calig. 35.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To couple together in judgment.
1.
To count one object fully equal to another, to place on the same footing, put on an equality with (rare but class.): neminem tibi profecto hominem ex omnibus aut anteposuissem umquam aut etiam comparassem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 256, 4; cf. Nep. Iphic. 1, 1; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Quint. 10, 1, 98; Cat. 61, 65 al.:
cum quibus (hominibus) comparari sordidum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9; so id. Fam. 12, 30, 7:
et se mihi comparat Ajax?
Ov. M. 13, 338.—
2.
In gen., to place together in comparison, to compare (the usu. signif. of the word in prose and poetry):
homo quod rationis est particeps similitudines comparat,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:
majora, minora, paria,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 172; id. Top. 18, 68:
metaphora rei comparatur, quam volumus exprimere,
Quint. 8, 6, 8.—With dat.:
equi fortis et victoris senectuti, comparat suam,
Cic. Sen. 5, 14:
si regiae stirpi comparetur ignobilis,
Curt. 8, 4, 25:
restat ut copiae copiis conparentur vel numero vel, etc.,
Liv. 9, 19, 1:
se majori pauperiorum turbae,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 112:
Periclem fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparat,
Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf. id. 12, 10, 65:
necesse est sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat,
id. 1, 2, 18:
nec tantum inutilibus comparantur utilia, sed inter se quoque ipsa,
id. 3, 8, 33; cf id. 3, 6, 87.—With cum and abl.:
hominem cum homine et tempus cum tempore et rem cum re,
Cic. Dom. 51, 130; id. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:
cum illo... ceteris rebus nullo modo comparandus es,
id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:
cum meum factum cum tuo comparo,
id. Fam. 3, 6, 1; id. Off. 3, 1, 2; 2, 6, 20:
corporis commoda cum externis et ipsa inter se corporis,
id. ib. 2, 25, 88:
longiorem orationem cum magnitudine utilitatis,
id. ib. 2, 6, 20:
victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit comparari tropaeo,
Nep. Them. 5, 3:
totam causam nostram cum tota adversarii causā,
Quint. 7, 2, 22; 12, 7, 3.—With ad:
nec comparandus hic quidem ad illum est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14:
sed nihil comparandi causā loquar,
I will institute no comparison, Cic. Pis. 1, 3.— Hence,
3.
With rel.-clause, to reflect, consider, judge; or to prove, show, by comparing (rare): id ego semper mecum sic agito et comparo, quo pacto magnam molem minuam, Att. ap. Non. p. 256, 20:
cum comparetur, utrum, etc.,
Auct. Her. 2, 28, 45:
comparando quam intestina corporis seditio similis esset irae plebis in patres, etc.,
Liv. 2, 32, 12; cf. Tac. A. 3, 5:
deinde comparat, quanto plures deleti sint homines, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16.—
B.
Comparare inter se, t. t., of colleagues in office, to agree together in respect to the division of duties, to come to an agreement (freq. in Liv., esp. of the consuls, who made an arrangement between themselves in respect to their provinces):
inter se decemviri comparabant, quos ire ad bellum, quos praeesse exercitibus oporteret,
Liv. 3, 41, 7:
senatusconsultum factum est, ut consules inter se provincias Italiam et Macedoniam compararent sortirenturve,
id. 42, 31, 1; 8, 20, 3; 32, 8, 1; 33, 43, 2; 26, 8, 8;
41, 6, 1: (consules) comparant inter se ut, etc.,
id. 8, 6, 13; 10, 15, 12:
ut consules sortirentur conparerentve inter se, uter, etc.,
id. 24, 10, 2;
of the tribunes of the people,
id. 29, 20, 9;
of the proprætors,
id. 40, 47, 1.—
C.
(In acc. with I. B.) Si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet, opposes to this, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63.—Hence, * compărātē, adv., in or by comparison, comparatively:
quaerere (opp. simpliciter),
Cic. Top. 22, 84.
2.
com-păro ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (old form conparassit = comparaverit, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19), v. a.
I.
To prepare something with zeal, care, etc., to make ready, to set in order, furnish, provide, etc. (class.)
A.
Lit.:
magnifice et ornate convivium comparat (al. apparat),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65; Tib. 1, 10, 42:
sibi remedium ad magnitudinem frigorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26: se, to make one ' s self ready, to prepare one ' s self, id. Mil. 10, 28:
se ad respondendum,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 19:
se ad iter,
Liv. 28, 33, 1; cf. pass., id. 42, 43, 4:
se ad omnis casus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 79:
insidias alicui per aliquem,
Cic. Clu. 16, 47; cf.:
dolum ad capiendos eos,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
comparare et constituere accusationem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; cf.:
comparare accusatorem filio suo,
id. Clu. 67, 191:
fugam,
Caes. B. G. 4, 18: domicilium [p. 387] ibi, Liv. 1, 34, 10:
iter ad regem,
Nep. Alcib. 10, 3 et saep.:
vultum e vultu,
to adjust according to, to fashion, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 5.—
In the histt. freq. of preparations for war: bellum,
Nep. Dion, 5, 1; id. Ages. 2, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; Liv. 9, 29, 5; 32, 28, 7; Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1 et saep.:
arma, milites, classem,
Liv. 42, 30, 11; cf. Nep. Milt. 4, 1; id. Dion, 4, 3; id. Dat. 4, 1 and 4; id. Hann. 3, 2; Liv. 28, 13, 1; 35, 26, 1; Suet. Tib. 25; Curt. 4, 9, 3; cf.:
arma latroni,
Quint. 12, 1, 1.— Pass. in mid. force:
ita fiet ut isdem locis et ad suadendum et ad dissuadendum simus conparati,
Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4:
ab hoc colloquio legati Romani in Boeotiam conparati sunt,
made ready to go, Liv. 42, 43, 4.—
(β).
Absol.:
ex hac parte diligentissime comparatur,
Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 3:
tempore ad comparandum dato,
Nep. Thras. 2, 2; so Liv. 35, 45, 5; 38, 12, 7.—
(γ).
With inf.:
urere tecta,
Ov. Tr. 2, 267:
an ita me comparem, Non perpeti, etc.,
place myself in a condition, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 2.—
B.
Trop. of the arrangements of nature, of civil life, of manners, customs, etc., to arrange, appoint, ordain, establish; esp. in the pass. impers.:
ita quoique est in aetate hominum conparatum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 94 Fleck.; Liv. 3, 68, 10:
more majorum comparatum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; cf.:
ita comparatum more majorum erat, ne, etc.,
Liv. 39, 29, 5:
est ita natura comparatum ut, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 5:
praetores, ut considerate fieret, comparaverunt,
Cic. Quint. 16, 51; so Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 7:
jam hoc prope iniquissime comparatum est, quod in morbis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 21, 57:
eis utendum censeo quae legibus conparata sunt,
Sall. C. 51, 8.—So rarely of persons:
sic fuimus semper comparati, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32.—
II.
To procure what one does not yet possess or what is not yet in existence, to procure, get, purchase, obtain, prepare, make, collect.
A.
Prop.:
negoti sibi qui volet vim parare, Navem et mulierem haec duo conparato,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 2:
mihi quadraginta minas,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 19:
aurum ac vestem atque alia, quae opus sunt,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 15:
pecudes carius,
Suet. Calig. 27:
merces,
Dig. 13, 4, 2 fin.:
ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 4; so id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17:
Sthenius ab adulescentio paulo studiosius haec compararat, supellectilem, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Curt. 5, 6, 3:
gemmas, toreumata, signa, tabulas,
Suet. Caes. 47: victum et cultum humanum labore et industriā, Cic. Oecon. ap. Col. 12, praef. § 2: Suet. Calig. 22.—
2.
Of abstract things:
amicitias,
Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:
auctoritatem sibi,
Caes. B. G. 5, 53:
laudes artibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 4, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 45:
tribunicium auxilium sibi,
Liv. 9, 34, 3 al.; Hor. Epod. 2, 30.—
B.
Trop.: sex (tribunos) ad intercessionem comparavere, brought or gained them over to their side, Liv. 4, 48, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conparo
8 instruo

in-strŭo, xi ( perf. sync. instruxti, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 34), ctum, 3, v. a., to build in or into; to build,, erect, construct (class.).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
contabulationem in parietes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:
tubulos in earum (cloacarum) parietibus,
Vitr. 5, 9, 7:
muros,
Nep. Them. 6:
aggerem,
Tac. H. 2, 22.—
B.
In partic.
1.
To set in order, draw up in battle array:
legiones,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:
aciem,
Cic. Mur. 9, 22; id. Phil. 4, 5, 11:
contra copias praesidia vestrosque exercitus,
id. Cat. 2, 11 init.—Absol.:
ad instruendum spatium,
Liv. 9, 37, 3; 10, 19, 15; 24, 48, 11:
insidias in loco aliquo,
to lay an ambush, id. Clu. 66, 190; cf.:
quem insidiis instruendis locum?
Liv. 6, 23, 6:
acies circa vallum,
id. 3, 22, 5:
ad hunc modum aciem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 88:
postremo in plures ordines,
Liv. 8, 8, 4:
naves,
Just. 5, 4, 1.—
2.
To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, to equip, fit out (with necessaries):
domum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:
instruere et parare convivium omnibus rebus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §
62: mensas,
Verg. A. 3, 231; Ov. M. 8, 571:
agrum,
to stock, furnish, Liv. 6, 5, 5:
hortos,
Col. 11, 2, 25; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:
frumento et stipendio victorem,
Just. 6, 6:
et dotare filiam,
Suet. Vesp. 14:
mulieri aurum atque ornamenta,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 35:
instruit focum provincia,
Juv. 5, 97:
socios simul instruit armis,
Verg. A. 8, 80:
concubinas securibus peltisque,
Suet. Ner. 44:
Xerxes bellum per quinquennium instruxit,
Just. 2, 10, 12; 8, 5, 2.—
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to procure, provide for, prepare for, furnish:
accusationem,
Cic. Clu. 6:
causam,
Plin. Ep. 10, 85:
in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus,
in arranging, Cic. Brut. 59, 216: se, to furnish, prepare one ' s self:
ad judicium nondum se satis instruxerat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 19:
neque spatium erat instruendi bellum,
Just. 8, 5, 2. —
B.
In partic., to provide with information, to teach, instruct:
(oratores) parum his artibus instructos vidimus,
Cic. Brut. 59, 214:
judicem notitiā rerum,
Quint. 4, 2, 24:
juvenes salubribus praeceptis,
Petr. 140: aliquem scientiā alicujus rei, Quint. prooem. § 23; cf. id. 1, 10, 5; 2, 4, 20; 2, 5, 1 al.— Absol., Just. praef. 4 (but in Cic. Cael. 30, 72, the true reading is instituimur).—
2.
To plan, devise:
magnas res hic agito in mentem instruere,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 31:
instruendae fraudi intentior,
Liv. 23, 35, 14: insidias [p. 971] mihi, Cat. 18 (21), 7.—Hence, instructus, a, um, P. a., ordered, drawn up; furnished, provided with any thing.
A.
Lit.:
exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut, etc.,
Liv. 4, 18:
acies,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48:
domicilia rebus iis omnibus, quibus, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
instructa et exornata domus,
provided with necessaries, id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 84:
instructae ornataeque naves,
id. ib. 2, 5, 51, §
133: instructae atque ornatae omnibus rebus copiae,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 8:
omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 27.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Arranged, prepared; instructed:
jam instructa sunt mihi in corde consilia omnia,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:
res satis scite instructae et compositae,
Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:
ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,
id. Or. 5:
ad mortem contemnendam,
id. Fin. 2, 17:
ad dicendum instructissimus,
id. de Or. 3, 8.—
2.
Instructed, versed in:
in jure civili,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249:
omnibus ingenuis artibus,
id. ib. 1, 16, 73:
a jure civili, ab historia instructior (v. ab),
id. Brut. 43.—
In a bad sense: accusatores instructi et subornati,
prepared, instructed, Cic. Vatin. 1, 3:
vitiis instructior,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25.— Adv.: instructē, with great preparation; only comp.:
ludos opulentius instructius facere,
Liv. 1, 35, 7:
instructius accusare,
App. Mag. 34, p. 296.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > instruo
9 accingō

accingō nxī, nctus, ere, to gird to, gird on, bind on, put on with a girdle, gird round: lateri ensem, V.; pass: accingitur ense, girds himself, V.: quo (ense) fuit accinctus, O.—Meton., to arm, equip, furnish, provide: paribusque accingitur armis, V.: gladiis, L. — Fig., accingere se or accingi, to gird oneself, prepare, make ready, be ready: adcingere, make yourself ready, T.: accingere! to your work, O.: accingendum ad eam cogitationem esse, L.: ad consulatum, L.: in hoc discrimen, L. — With Gr. acc.: magicas accingier artīs, to have recourse to, V.: accingar dicere pugnas, V. — Poet.: accingunt omnes operi, address themselves, V.
* * *

accingere, accinxi, accinctus V TRANS

gird on or about, surround; equip, provide (with); get ready, prepare (for)

Latin-English dictionary > accingō
10 ad-ōrnō

ad-ōrnō āvī, ātus, āre, to provide, furnish, fit out, equip, make ready: forum ornatu: opulentiā armorum bellum, L.: navīs, Cs.: petitionem consulatūs, to prepare: testium copiam: maria classibus: haec adornant ut lavet, prepare for her bath, T. — To decorate, embellish: insigni alqm veste, L.

Latin-English dictionary > ad-ōrnō
11 aptō

aptō āvī, ātus, āre [aptus], to adapt, fit, apply, adjust: lacertos, V.: dexteris enses, H.: nervo sagittas, V.: habendo ensem, for wielding, V.— With abl: se armis, L.: ensem vaginā, V. — To accommodate, adapt: Nolis bella Aptari citharae modis, i. e. be celebrated in, H.: fidibus modos, H. —To make ready, prepare: arma, L.: pinum armamentis, O.: silvis trabes, in the woods, V.: fortunae te responsare (i. e. ad responsandum), H.: idonea bello, H.: ad arma aptanda pugnae, L. se pugnae, V.
* * *

aptare, aptavi, aptatus V TRANS

adapt, fit, apply, adjust, accommodate; put on, fasten; prepare, furnish

Latin-English dictionary > aptō
12 com-parō (conp-)

com-parō (conp-) āvī, ātus, āre, to prepare, make ready, set in order, furnish, provide: ad magnitudinem frigorum sibi remedium: se, to get ready: se ad iter, L.: se ad omnīs casūs, Cs.: insidias Habito: dolum ad capiendos eos, L.: in accusatione comparandā elaborare: accusatorem filio suo: fugam, Cs.: domicilium ibi, L.: iter ad regem, N.: bellum: exercitūs: classem, N.: tempore ad comparandum dato, N.: an ita me comparem, Non perpeti, etc., place myself in a condition, T.: in Asiam ire: Capuam molem contra rem p.: subsidium mihi diligentiam. — Fig., to arrange, appoint, ordain, establish, constitute: naturā hoc ita comparatum est, ut, etc., L.: more maiorum comparatum est, ut, etc.: hoc iniquissime comparatum est, quod in morbis, etc.: quae legibus conparata sunt, S.: sic fuimus semper comparati, ut, etc.— To procure, get, purchase, obtain, prepare, make, collect: aurum, T.: faces ad inflammandam urbem: sibi in Galliā auctoritatem, Cs.: (gloriam) ex bellicis rebus, Cs.: cum annus Imbres comparat, H.: (tribunos) ad intercessionem, to gain over, L.

Latin-English dictionary > com-parō (conp-)
13 coquō

coquō coxī, coctus, ere [COC-], to cook, prepare by cooking, bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat: cena ei coquebatur, N.: cibaria, L.: coctus cibus, S.: venena, L.: aere cavo, O.: liba in foro, O.—To burn, parch, bake, dry up: glaebas solibus, V.: flumina, V.: obsonia (i. e. putrefacite), H.: cruor coquitur veneno, O.—To ripen, make mature: mitis vindemia, V.: poma cocta. — To digest: cibus confectus iam coctusque.— To prepare by fire: Telum solidum robore cocto, firedried, V.: rastra, to forge, Iu.—Fig., to elaborate, think out, mature, plan: consilia secreto, L.: bellum, L. — To vex, harass, disquiet, disturb: quae (cura) nunc te coquit, Enn. ap. C.: quam irae coquebant, V.
* * *

coquere, coxi, coctus V TRANS

cook; boil, fry, bake; burn, parch (sun); stir up; ripen, mature (plot); digest

Latin-English dictionary > coquō
14 īnstituō

īnstituō uī, ūtus, ere [1 in+statuo], to put in place, plant, fix, set: vestigia nuda sinistri pedis, V.: hominem in animum, i. e. to set one's heart on, T.—Of troops, to draw up, arrange: duplici acie institutā, Cs.: quam (aciem) sex cohortium, Cs.— To set up, erect, plant, found, establish, arrange: ubi institui vineae possunt: officinam Syracusis: Amphora fumum bibere instituta, set, H.—To make, build, fabricate, construct: navīs, Cs.: turrīs, Cs.: amphora coepit Institui, H.: delectum, Cs.—To make ready, prepare, furnish, provide: pilorum numerus instituitur, Cs.: dapes, V.— Fig., to institute, found, establish, organize, set up: alii illis domi honores instituti, S.: instituta sacrificia, Cs.: magistratum: nostro more institutus exercitus, organized: Saturnalia institutus festus dies, L.: sacros ludos, O.—To constitute, appoint, designate, single out: eum testamento heredem, S.: ut ille filius instituatur, be adopted: tutorem liberis.— To ordain: Arcesilas instituit, ut ii, qui, etc.: institutum est, ut fierent (quaestores), L.: antiquitus institutum videtur, ne quis, etc., Cs.— To undertake, begin, commence: ut instituimus, pergamus: pontem instituit, biduo perfecit, Cs.: historia nec institui potest sine, etc.: iter, H.: cum populo R. amicitiam, S.: mutare res inter se instituerant, had opened commerce, S.: institui Topica conscribere: si quae mulier conviviis uti instituerit, made it a practice.—To purpose, determine, resolve upon: decernite, ut instituistis: ut instituerat, according to his custom, Cs.: ab instituto cursu, purposed: quos habere secum instituerat, Cs.—To order, govern, administer, regulate, control, direct: Sapienter vitam, T.: libri de civitatibus instituendis.—To teach, instruct, train up, educate: sic tu instituis adulescentīs?: ita Helvetios a maioribus institutos esse, uti, etc., Cs.: calamos cerā coniungere, V.: artibus hunc, Iu.: de isto genere, to give instruction: eos ad maiorum instituta: alquem sic ut, etc.: nos, ne quem coleremus, S.
* * *

instituere, institui, institutus V

set up, establish, found, make, institute; build; prepare; decide

Latin-English dictionary > īnstituō
15 īn-struō

īn-struō ūxī, ūctus, ere, to build in, insert: Eam (contabulationem) in parietes, Cs.—Of troops, to form, set in order, draw up, array: ad instruendum spatium, L.: hosce, T.: exercitum, S.: aciem: aciem instructum habere, ut, etc., Cs.: Instructi acie Teucri, V.: in quo (loco) insidias, lay an ambush: acies circa vallum, L.: ad hunc modum acies instructa, Cs.—To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, equip, fit out (freq. in P. perf.): audierunt muros instrui, N.: parato atque instructo exercitu, Cs.: domum: mensas, V.: agrum, stock, L.: instruit focum provincia, Iu.—Fig., to procure, provide for, prepare: accusationem: in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus, arranging: sine viribus illis Bella instructa, O.: instruendae fraudi intentior, devising, L.—To inform, teach, instruct: testīs: orientia tempora Exemplis, H.

Latin-English dictionary > īn-struō
16 adorno

ăd-orno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to prepare a thing for some definite object, to get ready, to furnish, provide, fit out, equip, kosmeô.
I.
In gen. (class.;
esp. freq. in Plaut. and Cic.): quin tu mihi adornas ad fugam viaticum,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 9:
nuptias,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 67; so also id. Aul. 2, 1, 35:
fugam,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 6 (cf.:
fugam aut furtum parat,
id. Phorm. 1, 4, 14):
maria classibus et praesidiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
forum comitiumque adornatum, ad speciem magnifico ornatu, ad sensum cogitationemque acerbo et lugubri,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 22:
ut accusationem et petitionem consulatus adornet atque instruat,
prepare, id. Mur. 22, 46:
testium copiam,
to produce, id. Clu. 6:
invenire et adornare comparationem criminis,
id. ib. 67:
contra haec Pompeius naves magnas onerarias adornabat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 26:
omni opulentiā insignium armorum bellum adornaverant,
Liv. 10, 38.—Anteclass. constr. with inf.:
tragulam in te inicere adornat,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 25.—And absol.:
adorna, ut rem divinam faciam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 2; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34.—
II.
To put an ornament upon one; hence, to decorate, adorn, embellish with something (mostly in the Aug. per.; esp. in the histt.): aliquem aliqua re:
(Numa) flaminem insigni veste et curuli regiā sellā adornavit,
Liv. 1, 20:
triumphum,
Vell. 2, 122; so Suet. Aug. 29; id. Tib. 43; id. Calig. 45; id. Ner. 12; 38: [p. 45] Curt. 3, 3, 13; 17 al.— Trop.:
tantis adornatus virtutibus,
Vell. 2, 2:
praecipuis donis,
id. 2, 121:
bene facta suis verbis,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
adornata verbis,
Tac. A. 1, 52:
legem leviter (sc. verbis) adornabit, ut justam,
Quint. 7, 1, 47.—Hence, * ădornātē, adv.: declamabat splendide atque adornate, brilliantly and elegantly (opp. circumcise ac sordide), Suet. Rhet. 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adorno
17 bellum

bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
I.
Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:
bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):
legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:
quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:
quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:
aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):
puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,
quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:
victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:
si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;
and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:
hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:
cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:
vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
II.
Form bellum.
A.
War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
1.
Specifying the enemy.
a.
By adjj. denoting the nation:
omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:
aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:
Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:
Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:
Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:
Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:
Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;
similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:
Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:
Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;
similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:
bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:
Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:
Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:
Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:
Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—
b.
With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:
Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:
Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;
1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:
Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:
Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
c.
With cum and abl. of the name.
(α).
Attributively:
cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:
belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:
hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:
novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
(β).
With cum dependent on the verb:
quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:
novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
d.
With adversus and acc. of the name.
(α).
Attributively:
bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:
bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—
(β).
With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:
ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:
bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
e.
With contra and acc.:
cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
f.
With in and acc. (very rare):
Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
g.
With inter and acc.:
hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,
Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
h.
With apud and acc.:
secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,
Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
k.
With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
2.
With verbs.
a.
Referring to the beginning of the war.
(α).
Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:
summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:
bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:
nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:
is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:
insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:
dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,
concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
(β).
Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:
cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:
bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,
parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:
bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:
tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:
bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:
numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
(γ).
Bellum differre, to postpone a war:
nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:
mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
(δ).
Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):
omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:
prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:
de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:
iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:
sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
(ε).
Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:
bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:
suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:
judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):
cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:
senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:
bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
(ζ).
Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):
consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:
bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—
(η).
Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:
sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:
populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:
cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:
Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:
Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:
Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:
quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:
cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:
hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:
alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:
bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—
(θ).
Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:
ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:
Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:
ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:
bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:
ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:
ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
(κ).
Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:
Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:
ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:
qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:
bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:
bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:
civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;
3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:
occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:
ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:
populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:
urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
(λ).
Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:
subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:
aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:
Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—

bellum
(ante-class. and poet.
duel-lum
), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
I.
Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:
bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):
legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:
quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:
quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:
aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):
puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,
quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:
victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:
si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;
and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:
hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:
cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:
vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
II.
Form bellum.
A.
War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
1.
Specifying the enemy.
a.
By adjj. denoting the nation:
omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:
aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:
Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:
Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:
Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:
Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:
Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;
similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:
Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:
Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;
similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:
bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:
Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:
Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:
Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:
Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—
b.
With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:
Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:
Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;
1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:
Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:
Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
c.
With cum and abl. of the name.
(α).
Attributively:
cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:
belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:
hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:
novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
(β).
With cum dependent on the verb:
quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:
novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
d.
With adversus and acc. of the name.
(α).
Attributively:
bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:
bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—
(β).
With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:
ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:
bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
e.
With contra and acc.:
cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
f.
With in and acc. (very rare):
Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
g.
With inter and acc.:
hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,
Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
h.
With apud and acc.:
secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,
Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
k.
With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
2.
With verbs.
a.
Referring to the beginning of the war.
(α).
Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:
summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:
bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:
nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:
is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:
insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:
dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,
concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
(β).
Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:
cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:
bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,
parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:
bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:
tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:
bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:
numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
(γ).
Bellum differre, to postpone a war:
nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:
mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
(δ).
Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):
omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:
prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:
de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:
iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:
sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
(ε).
Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:
bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:
suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:
judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):
cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:
senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:
bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
(ζ).
Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):
consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:
bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—
(η).
Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:
sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:
populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:
cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:
Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:
Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:
Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:
quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:
cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:
hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:
alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:
bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—
(θ).
Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:
ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:
Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:
ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:
bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:
ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:
ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
(κ).
Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:
Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:
ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:
qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:
bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:
bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:
civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;
3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:
occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:
ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:
populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:
urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
(λ).
Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:
subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:
aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:
Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—
b.
Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:
bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:
cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:
erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:
bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:
Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:
bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:
alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:
de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:
Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):
bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);
in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:
bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
(β).
Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:
necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:
bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:
belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:
morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:
suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:
bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;
similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
(γ).
Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:
bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:
quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:
Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
c.
Referring to the end of a war.
(α).
Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:
in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:
(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:
bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:
nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:
dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:
bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:
velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:
manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:
posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:
omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
(β).
Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:
timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:
si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:
belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;
similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
(γ).
Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:
is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:
bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:
confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:
quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;
4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:
neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;
36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:
se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:
neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
d.
Less usual connections:
bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:
alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:
bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:
spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:
serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:
circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:
exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:
quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:
bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:
bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:
bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:
canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:
bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
3.
As object denoting place or time.
a.
Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
(α).
Of the commander:
consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:
ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:
ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:
in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
(β).
Of persons partaking in a war:
si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
b.
Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
c.
In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:
in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—
d.
Of time.
(α).
In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):
valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,
domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):
quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:
paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:
animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:
bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:
domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:
neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:
simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.
Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
(β).
In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:
ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:
in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:
in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:
in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:
in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:
ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:
qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:
quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:
non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:
in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
(γ).
Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:
bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:
Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:
domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:
qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:
victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:
nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:
bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:
praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:
suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:
qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:
res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:
egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:
ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:
princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:
Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:
bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
(δ).
Inter bellum (rare):
cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:
inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—
4.
Bellum in attributive connection.
a.
Justum bellum.
(α).
A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):
justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:
non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
(β).
A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):
in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
b.
For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
c.
Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:
quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:
haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:
eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:
exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:
cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:
Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:
cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
d.
Fortuna belli, the chances of war:
adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
e.
Belli artes, military skill:
cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:
haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:
temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—
f.
Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:
in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:
sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:
jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
g.
Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:
trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:
victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —
h.
Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Of things concr. and abstr.:
qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:
bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:
ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
2.
Of animals:
milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:
hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—
3.
With individuals:
quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:
nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:
cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:
hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:
falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:
tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:
equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
4.
In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
5.
Personified as god of war ( = Janus):
tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:
sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:
mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—
6.
Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):
permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:
sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:
quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
7.
Battle, = proelium:
rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:
quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:
praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:
commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:
Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:
ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
8.
Bellum = liber de bello:
quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.
b.
Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:
bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:
cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:
erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:
bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:
Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:
bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:
alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:
de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:
Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):
bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);
in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:
bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
(β).
Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:
necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:
bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:
belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:
morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:
suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:
bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;
similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
(γ).
Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:
bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:
quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:
Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
c.
Referring to the end of a war.
(α).
Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:
in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:
(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:
bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:
nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:
dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:
bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:
velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:
manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:
posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:
omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
(β).
Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:
timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:
si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:
belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;
similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
(γ).
Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:
is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:
bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:
confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:
quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;
4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:
neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;
36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:
se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:
neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
d.
Less usual connections:
bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:
alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:
bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:
spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:
serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:
circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:
exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:
quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:
bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:
bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:
bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:
canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:
bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
3.
As object denoting place or time.
a.
Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
(α).
Of the commander:
consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:
ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:
ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:
in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
(β).
Of persons partaking in a war:
si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
b.
Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
c.
In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:
in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—
d.
Of time.
(α).
In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):
valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,
domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):
quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:
paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:
animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:
bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:
domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:
neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:
simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.
Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
(β).
In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:
ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:
in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:
in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:
in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:
in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:
ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:
qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:
quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:
non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:
in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
(γ).
Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:
bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:
Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:
domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:
qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:
victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:
nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:
bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:
praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:
suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:
qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:
res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:
egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:
ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:
princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:
Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:
bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
(δ).
Inter bellum (rare):
cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:
inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—
4.
Bellum in attributive connection.
a.
Justum bellum.
(α).
A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):
justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:
non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
(β).
A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):
in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
b.
For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
c.
Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:
quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:
haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:
eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:
exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:
cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:
Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:
cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
d.
Fortuna belli, the chances of war:
adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
e.
Belli artes, military skill:
cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:
haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:
temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—
f.
Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:
in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:
sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:
jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
g.
Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:
trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:
victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —
h.
Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Of things concr. and abstr.:
qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:
bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:
ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
2.
Of animals:
milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:
hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—
3.
With individuals:
quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:
nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:
cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:
hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:
falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:
tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:
equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
4.
In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
5.
Personified as god of war ( = Janus):
tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:
sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:
mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—
6.
Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):
permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:
sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:
quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
7.
Battle, = proelium:
rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:
quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:
praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:
commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:
Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:
ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
8.
Bellum = liber de bello:
quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bellum
18 coctum

cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).
I.
Lit.:
cenam,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:
cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,
Nep. Cim. 4, 3:
cibum,
Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.
cibaria,
Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;
44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:
quae coxerat aere cavo,
Ov. M. 4, 505:
dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,
cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:
humana exta,
Hor. A. P. 186:
(pavonem),
id. S. 2, 2, 28:
aliquid ex oleo,
in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,
aliquid ex aceto,
Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:
si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:
in nonum diem solet ire coctum,
id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:
coquendo sit faxo et molendo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—
B.
Subst.
1.
coctum, i, n., cooked food:
quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:
ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,
Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:
cocta vendere,
Suet. Claud. 38.—
2.
cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—
II.
Transf.
A.
To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:
laterculos,
Cato, R. R. 39, 2:
calcem,
id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:
carbonem,
id. ib. fin.:
locum sol,
Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:
glaebas maturis solibus aestas,
Verg. G. 1, 66:
cocta ligna,
dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:
coctus agger,
i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:
rosaria cocta matutino Noto,
dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:
at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:
aurum cum plumbo,
Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:
aera fornacibus,
Luc. 6, 405.—
B.
To ripen, make mature:
arbores sol ac luna,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:
uvas,
id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.
vinum,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:
mitis vindemia,
Verg. G. 2, 522:
poma (with matura),
Cic. Sen. 19, 71:
fructus solibus,
Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:
messem,
Mart. 10, 62 al. —
C.
= concoquo, to digest:
cibus confectus jam coctusque,
Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:
balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:
plerique... bubulum coquunt,
Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—
III.
Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).
A.
To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;
bene coctum dabit,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:
consilia secreto,
Liv. 2, 36, 2:
bellum,
id. 8, 3, 2:
trucem invidiam,
Stat. Th. 2, 300:
iras cum fraude,
Sil. 7, 403:
Latio extrema coepta,
id. 10, 431.—
B.
To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:
egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:
si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,
Quint. 12, 10, 77:
quos ira metusque coquebat,
Sil. 14, 103:
quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,
Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coctum
19 commentor

1.
commentor, ātus sum, 1, v. freq. dep. [comminiscor].
I.
Prop., to consider thoroughly, meditate, think over, study, deliberate, weigh, prepare one ' s self mentally, etc. (class.).
A.
Ingen.
1.
Absol.:
ut cito commentatus est,
i. e. has made up a story, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 27:
cum in hortos D. Bruti auguris commentandi causā convenissemus,
deliberation, Cic. Lael. 2, 7:
magi, qui congregantur in fano commentandi causā,
id. Div. 1, 41, 90.—
2.
With acc.:
te ipsum, qui multos annos nihil aliud commentaris, docebo quid sit humaniter vivere,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
commentari aliquid et discere,
id. Fin. 5, 15, 42: futuras mecum commentabar miserias, id. poët. Tusc. 3, 14, 29.—
3.
With interrog. clause:
ut commentemur inter nos, quā ratione nobis traducendum sit hoc tempus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 3.—
4.
With de:
multos mensis de populi Romani libertate,
Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 36.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of the orator's preparation for a speech (freq. and class.).
a.
Absol.:
ad quem paratus venerat, cum in villā Metelli compluris dies commentatus esset,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 1: itaque videas barbato rostro eum commentari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 455, 19:
crebro digitorum labrorumque motu commentari,
Quint. 11, 3, 160.—
b.
With acc.:
ut quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto redderet eisdem verbis quibus cogitasset,
Cic. Brut. 88, 301:
quae mihi iste visus est ex aliā oratione declamare, quam in alium reum commentaretur,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 82.—
2.
Of writings, to prepare, produce as the result of study, write (rare):
quorum alter commentatus est mimos,
Cic. Phil. 6, 13:
eo ipso anno cum commentaremur haec,
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 209: Cato de militari disciplinā commentans, id. praef. § 30.— With acc., to discuss, write upon:
neque commentari quae audierat fas erat,
Gell. 1, 9, 4; cf.:
carmina legendo commentando, que etiam ceteris nota facere,
Suet. Gram. 2.—
II.
Transf.
A.
Of the oratorical student's practice in speaking (always with reference to the mental exertion and preparation; cf. Jan. ad Cic. Brut. 22, 87):
commentabar declamitans, sic enim nunc loquuntur, saepe cum M. Pisone,
Cic. Brut. 90, 310:
exisse eo colore et eis oculis, ut egisse causam, non commentatum putares,
id. ib. 22, 87 fin.:
magister hic Samnitium summā jam senectute est et cottidie commentatur,
id. de Or. 3, 23, 86 Sorof ad loc.—
B.
Hence, as a modest expression for a speaker's effort, to experiment in speaking, attempt to speak:
satisne vobis videor pro meo jure in vestris auribus commentatus?
Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 75 Orell. and Madv. ad loc.—
C.
To imitate, adopt the language of another:
Achilem Aristarchi mihi commentari lubet,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 1.—
D.
To meditate, purpose:
si cogitaras id, quod illa tropaea plena dedecoris et risūs te commentatum esse declarant,
Cic. Pis. 40, 97.
2.
commentor, ōris, m. [comminiscor], one who devises or invents something, an inventor:
uvae, i. e. Bacchus,
Ov. F. 3, 785: fraudis, Auct. Ep. Iliad. 579: machinarius, a machinist, Scl. 5, § 13 Momms. (al. commentator).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > commentor
20 coquo

cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).
I.
Lit.:
cenam,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:
cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,
Nep. Cim. 4, 3:
cibum,
Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.
cibaria,
Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;
44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:
quae coxerat aere cavo,
Ov. M. 4, 505:
dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,
cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:
humana exta,
Hor. A. P. 186:
(pavonem),
id. S. 2, 2, 28:
aliquid ex oleo,
in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,
aliquid ex aceto,
Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:
si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:
in nonum diem solet ire coctum,
id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:
coquendo sit faxo et molendo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—
B.
Subst.
1.
coctum, i, n., cooked food:
quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:
ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,
Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:
cocta vendere,
Suet. Claud. 38.—
2.
cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—
II.
Transf.
A.
To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:
laterculos,
Cato, R. R. 39, 2:
calcem,
id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:
carbonem,
id. ib. fin.:
locum sol,
Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:
glaebas maturis solibus aestas,
Verg. G. 1, 66:
cocta ligna,
dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:
coctus agger,
i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:
rosaria cocta matutino Noto,
dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:
at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:
aurum cum plumbo,
Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:
aera fornacibus,
Luc. 6, 405.—
B.
To ripen, make mature:
arbores sol ac luna,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:
uvas,
id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.
vinum,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:
mitis vindemia,
Verg. G. 2, 522:
poma (with matura),
Cic. Sen. 19, 71:
fructus solibus,
Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:
messem,
Mart. 10, 62 al. —
C.
= concoquo, to digest:
cibus confectus jam coctusque,
Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:
balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:
plerique... bubulum coquunt,
Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—
III.
Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).
A.
To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;
bene coctum dabit,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:
consilia secreto,
Liv. 2, 36, 2:
bellum,
id. 8, 3, 2:
trucem invidiam,
Stat. Th. 2, 300:
iras cum fraude,
Sil. 7, 403:
Latio extrema coepta,
id. 10, 431.—
B.
To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:
egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:
si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,
Quint. 12, 10, 77:
quos ira metusque coquebat,
Sil. 14, 103:
quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,
Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coquo

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